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Civil Rights and the Black Freedom Struggle |
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| 1896 U.S. Supreme Court Plessy
v. Ferguson decision establishing the
precedent for Jim Crow segregation for the first half of the 20th century |
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| Eleanor Roosevelt 1936 Speech "The Negro and Social Change" |
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| President
Truman's 1948 Executive Order on civil rights estabilishing
President's Committee on Equality of Treatment and Opportunity in the Armed Services |
| President
Truman's Executive Order 9981, which desegregated the U.S.
Armed Forces, 1948 |
| 1954 Brown v. Board of Education U.S. Supreme Court decision,
(which
desegregated the public school system, and overturned the 1896 Plessy decision) -- the written decision for Brown v. Board of Education -- Library Congress on the 50th anniversary of the Brown decison -- Profile of African American scholar Kenneth Clark, whose research paved the way for the Supreme Court's favorable decision in the Brown decision |
| Links on Jackie Robinson, 1947 integrator of Major League Baseball-- see links on Consensus America, 1945-1960 |
| The shocking
confession of the white murderers of Emmett Till (his 1955
murder by whites set off a national firestorm over the lingering abuses of the Jim Crow South-- and thus helped pave the way for early civil rights movement), as published in Look magazine, January 1956 |
| Extensive site on the Montgomery Bus Boycott of 1955-56 (including original news articles, biographies of boycott figures, timelines, and video clips) |
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| 1957 Little Rock school desegregation crisis:
--Documents relating to the 1957 Little Rock School desegregation crisis (including correspondence between Pres. Eisenhower & Arkansas Gov. Faubus) --40th Anniversary site on the 1957 integration of Little Rock, Arkansas' Central High School |
| Virginia's campaign of "Massive Resistance" against the Brown vs. Board decision |
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| Collection of Speeches by Dr. King |
| PBS website on Martin Luther King |
| FBI Files/Investigation on Dr. King |
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| An overview of the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)-- including a timeline, profile of people, issues and events, and audio of songs and interviews |
| The famous 2/1//60 Greensboro Woolworth's sit-in which inspired the sit-in movement and later launched the pivotal civil rights organization Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) (includes many interview audio clips with the 4 participants). |
| 1964 SNCC Position Paper on Sexism within the Movement |
| Pres. John F. Kennedy's 6/11/63 speech to the nation introducing a civil rights bill (following the tumultuous integration of the University of Alabama) (includes written transcript and audio clip) |
| Letters written during SNCC's 1964 Freedom Summer campaign in Mississippi |
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| Alabama Gov. George Wallace (& subsequent presidential candidate):
--George Wallace's famous 1963 confrontational, segregationist speech which heightened racial tensions in the deep South --Wallace's June 1963 "Speech at the Schoolhouse Door," temporaily blocking the University of Alabama's door to integration --Alabama Dept of Archives and History site profile on George Wallace --PBS website on George Wallace --Account of George Wallace's 1968 presidential campaign --Profile on Arthur Bremer (attempted assassin of Wallace in 1972) -- An interview with Wallace biographer Dan Carter on Wallace's legacy -- 1968 Wallace for President brochure |
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| FBI Files/Investigation on founder of the Nation of Islam, Wallace Fard |
| PBS website on Huey Newton (co-founder of the Black Panther Party) |
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| SNCC's Bob Moses' Algebra Project, training inner-city kids in math literacy |
| Congressman John Lewis (former chair of SNCC) webpage |
| The "Little Rock Nine" (who integrated that Arkansas school system in 1957) today. |
| Cleveland Sellers (former SNCC organizer and author of The River of No Return) |
| Julian Bond (former SNCC organizer and politician) as current chair of the NAACP Board of Directors |
| Julian Bond, in his other capacity of professor of history at University of Virginia |
| Chuck McDew (former chairman of SNCC) |
| Bob Zellner (first white field secretary for SNCC) |
| profile of SNCC leader Jim
Forman.
(and a brief profile of Jim Forman's son, who has carried on his father's legacy as a lawyer) |
| Personal website of SNCC activist Joan Browning |